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Mar. 24, 2023 22:31 Hoʻi i ka papa inoa

He aha ke ʻano o nā intermediates lāʻau lapaʻau



ʻO ke ʻano o nā intermediates lāʻau lapaʻau ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā mea ʻokoʻa i loaʻa nā waiwai kūikawā o nā huahana ma o nā hopena kemika systematic i nā ʻāpana kūpono. Mālama ʻo ia i ka pono kūʻokoʻa o kāna mau mea ponoʻī, lanakila i ka hemahema o ka hoʻohana ʻana i hoʻokahi mea maka, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono a me ka palekana o ka lāʻau.

ʻO nā intermediates lāʻau lapaʻau he ʻano hana synthetic hou, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā huahana kemika maikaʻi nui ma ka home a ma waho, e like me nā pesticides, dyes, nā mea ʻala, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia ia i ka ʻāpana o nā kemika maikaʻi a me nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau. E pili ana ia i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe synthetic o ʻelua a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea hoʻohuihui ma o nā ʻano kemika a i ʻole synthesis artificial, a i ʻole kahi hana kūlohelohe, akā ʻaʻole i mākaukau ke kanaka i ka synthesis kemika o nā pūhui organik. ʻO nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau nā huahana kemika maikaʻi, e like me nā herbicides, pesticides, detergents, nā mea ʻala, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Wehewehe: 1. Nā kikowaena lāʻau lapaʻau ʻO nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i nā pūhui me nā ʻano mea like ʻole akā ʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻia he mau mea hou. ʻO nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau e pili nui ana i ke ʻano hana kemika like, akā aia kekahi ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ethyl acetate a me ka n-butyl propionate, methyl methacrylate a me methyl acrylate. No laila, hana ʻia nā intermediates pharmaceutical ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana synthesis kemika me nā ʻano kemika like, loaʻa i kekahi ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kekahi i nā solvents polar, loaʻa i kekahi mau mea maikaʻi o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻohana, a ua hana ʻia e nā ʻano hana like ʻole.

  1. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kikowaena lāʻau lapaʻau e like me kā lākou kumu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei. (1) Lawe ʻia ia mai nā huahana kūlohelohe ma o ka hoʻololi kemika o nā derivatives. ʻO kēia mau molekele derivative nā pūhui kumu i loko o nā homologues o nā pūhui makua, e like me: ethyl acetoacetate is diethyl malonate; ʻO ka amino acid methyl ester ka resorcinol methanolate. (2) Hoʻohui kemika. Hoʻopili pū me ka synthesis pololei a me ka synthesis indirect. He maʻalahi ka hopena synthesis, hoʻohui ʻia nā reactants, a kiʻekiʻe ka hua. ʻO kahi laʻana maʻamau ka esterification o ka dimethyl malonate a me ka ethyl phenylacetate e ka ethyl phenylacetate a me ka diethyl malonate ma o ka lactic acid. No ka laʻana, hiki ke loaʻa i ka isooctyl phenylacetate a me ka ethyl malonate ma ka hoʻololi pololei ʻana o ka ethylphenylacetic acid a me diethyl malonate.
  2. ʻO ka hanaʻana i nā mea waena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau heʻano hana synthetic hou, i hoʻohana nuiʻia i nā huahana kemika maikaʻi nui ma ka home a ma waho, e like me nā pesticides, nā meaʻala, nā meaʻala, a me nā mea'ē aʻe.

ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā intermediates pharmaceutical he ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu: synthesis a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO ka hana mua e hele i ke kaʻina hana synthesis. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā huahana synthetic a hiki i ka maʻemaʻe, a kūʻai hope ʻia ma ke ʻano he waiwai.

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