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  • Ithini incazelo yama-intermediates emithi

Mar. 24, 2023 22:31 Buyela ohlwini

Ithini incazelo yama-intermediates emithi



Incazelo yemithi ephakathi kwemithi iwukuthi izinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihlukene zinezakhiwo ezikhethekile zemikhiqizo ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali okuhlelekile ngezilinganiso ezifanele. Igcina ukusebenza kahle okuyingqayizivele kwezinto zayo zokusetshenziswa, inqoba iphutha lokusebenzisa into eyodwa eluhlaza, futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha komuthi.

Ama-intermediate emithi ayindlela entsha yokwenziwa, esetshenziswe kabanzi emikhiqizweni eminingi ebalulekile yamakhemikhali amahle ekhaya naphesheya, njengezibulala-zinambuzane, odayi, izinongo, njll. Kungokwesigaba samakhemikhali amahle kanye nabaphakathi kwezemithi. Kubhekiselwa kokuphuma kokunye kwezinhlanganisela ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezinto eziphilayo ngokusebenzisa izindlela zamakhemikhali noma ukuhlanganiswa kokwenziwa, noma okwenzeka ngokwemvelo, kodwa abantu abakwazanga ukuqonda ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali kwezinhlanganisela eziphilayo. Imithi ephakathi kwemithi imikhiqizo emihle yamakhemikhali, enjengemithi yokubulala ukhula, izibulala-zinambuzane, okokuhlanza, izinongo, izidakamizwa, njll. Imithi ejwayelekile yemithi ibiza kakhulu.

Incazelo: 1. Imithi ephakathi kwemithi Izimaphakathi zemithi zibhekisela ezinhlanganisela ezinezakhi zamakhemikhali ezifanayo kodwa ezihlukene, ezaziwa nangokuthi izinto ezintsha. Abaphakathi kwezemithi ikakhulukazi babhekisela kufomula yesakhiwo samakhemikhali esifanayo, kodwa kunomunye umehluko phakathi kwe-ethyl acetate ne-n-butyl propionate, i-methyl methacrylate ne-methyl acrylate. Ngakho-ke, ama-intermediate emithi akhiwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlanganisa amakhemikhali anezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezifanayo, ezinye zinokuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali, ezinye zingancibilika ezincibilikisweni ze-polar, ezinye zisenezinzuzo zobuthi obuphansi futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa, futhi zenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene.

  1. Abaphakathi kwezemithi bangahlukaniswa ngokwemithombo yabo kanye nokusetshenziswa, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi. (1) Ikhishwa emikhiqizweni yemvelo ngokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kokuphuma kokunye. Lawa ma-molecule aphuma kokunye ayizinhlanganisela zokuqala kuma-homologue ezinhlanganisela zabazali, njengokuthi: i-ethyl acetoacetate i-diethyl malonate; I-amino acid methyl ester i-resorcinol methanolate. (2) Ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali. Kubandakanya ukuhlanganisa okuqondile kanye nokuhlanganisa okungaqondile. I-synthesis reaction ilula, ama-reactants ahlanganiswa, futhi isivuno siphezulu. Isibonelo esijwayelekile i-esterification ye-dimethyl malonate ne-ethyl phenylacetate nge-ethyl phenylacetate kanye ne-diethyl malonate nge-lactic acid. Isibonelo, i-isooctyl phenylacetate ne-ethyl malonate ingatholakala ngokushintshaniswa okuqondile kwe-ethylphenylacetic acid ne-diethyl malonate.
  2. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-intermediate emithi kuyindlela entsha yokwenziwa, eye yasetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni eminingi ebalulekile yamakhemikhali amahle ekhaya naphesheya, njengezibulala-zinambuzane, odayi, izinongo, njll.

Ukukhiqizwa kwama-intermediates emithi kuqukethe izinyathelo ezimbili: ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlanzwa. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukudlula inqubo yokuhlanganisa. Imikhiqizo yokwenziwa iyacwengwa ukuze ifinyelele ubumsulwa, futhi ekugcineni ithengiswe njengempahla.

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